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COPD Associated With Concurrent Use of Electronic, Conventional Cigarettes

By

Bryant Moeller

August 6, 2021

The increased risk for COPD from dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes was especially notable in men older than 65.

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Evidence suggests 19% to 40% of those who are aPL-positive and 42% to 80% of those with primary APS have CD.3 In addition, 2.5% of patients with APS have multi-infarct dementia resulting from recurrent ischemic events.6 Because cognitive deficits are also observed in patients with APS who have no evidence of neurologic involvement, the mechanism of CD in APS is likely multifactorial.3,7 Animal studies have also observed CD in APS models with no evidence of ischemic lesions, and findings suggest that aPL antibodies may affect brain tissue directly.3,7 The spectrum of CD varies from mild to severe, but deficits in attention, concentration, processing speed, executive function, and memory loss are common.3 Patients with APS-related dementia may have impaired judgment, language impairment, and memory loss that can be severe enough to arouse suspicion of Alzheimer disease.6,8 Empirical observation has shown that anticoagulation therapy improves memory loss in some patients.8 Image Credit: ISM/SOVEREIGN

Dementia Associated With RA, But Mitigation Depends on Lifestyle